Self-employment in Do the Right Thing Essay -- Working Films Movies Ca

Self-employment in Do the Right Thing Self-employment is often confused with capitalism. This is because the word capitalism has come to mean "free markets" and "free enterprise," rather than a specific type of economic system. However, the conflation of the term capitalism with these other terms reduces the concepts available for doing social scientific analysis. We need to be able to identify the traditional capitalist system: a system based on free wage labor creating products that are owned by capitalist directors who are distinct from these original wage laborers. Self-employment is then distinct from this capitalist economic system precisely because it is based on free independent labor creating products that are owned by the individual direct producers. In other words, a self-employed laborer is very different from a capitalist laborer. This difference is, without question, of great consequence and worthy of social scientific analysis. Most past conceptions of the self-employed direct producers have regarded this unique economic system as of only minor importance (if even that) in a world dominated by feudalism and/or capitalism. However, historically self-employment has played an important role in many societies, including the United States, and continues to do so today. The relative prevalence and particular types of self-employment in society influences other social processes, including political processes, cultural processes, and individual psychology. In a society where self-employment exists, it is simply not possible to adequately understand and explain social change in the absence of a concept of self-employment (and a concept that is clearly distinct from other types of production and distributio... ... way that is very different from the relationship between producer and product in other class processes. It is, therefore, all the more tragic in the film when the pizzeria is destroyed. It is not simply the destruction of a work place, but the destruction of Sal's identity as a self-employed producer (although this identity can, persumably, be resurrected in a new structure). For Mookie this is better than harm having been done to Sal, the person, and this is why he redirects the hatred of the crowd away from Sal and his sons to the building. But for Sal, it is difficult to take a great deal of solace in this diversion (although in the end, he seems to harbor no ill will towards Mookie, perhaps because he understands the context in which Mookie threw the garbage can through the pizzeria window) because some essential aspect of his identity has been destroyed.

Mystic Monk Coffee Essay

Father Daniel Mary, Prior of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming, has a vision to expand his monastery by purchasing the Irma Lake Ranch property, which lists at $8. 9 million. The Carmelite Monks of Wyoming have a company called Mystic Monk Coffee. The monks sell different varieties of coffee, along with gift cards, T-shirts, and other material products on their website to raise money for purchasing the ranch property. Mystic Monks primary target market is other Catholics who love specialty coffee and want to spend their money helping their Catholic family. Father Daniel Mary does not have the best business strategy for accomplishing his long-term goal. My recommendations for him would be to set short-term and long-term goals, explore investment opportunities, and advertise to other Catholic dominated countries. Father Daniel Mary is the Prior of the Carmelite Order of monks in Clark, Wyoming. As of now the Carmelite monks consist of only thirteen monks. Father Daniel Mary has a vision to transform the Wyoming Carmelite small monastery into one that accommodates to thirty monks, a Gothic church, a convent for Carmelite nuns, a retreat center for lay visitors, and a hermitage. However, the ranch property he is hoping to gain for this new monastery costs $8. 9 million. His vision for Mystic Monk Coffee is that the operations will fund the purchase of the ranch. The mission of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming is making certain that applicants understand the reality of the vows of obedience, chastity, and poverty and the sacrifices associated with living a cloistered religious life ( ). From reading this case it does not appear that Father Daniel Mary has set definite objectives or performance targets. He does have a goal of being ble to afford the ranch property, however that is a long-term goal. Having little experience in business matters, Father Daniel Mary hopes the Mystic Monk Coffee will be enough to reach the amount they need, along with a $250,000 donation and the New Mount Carmel Foundation ( ). For the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming, the best strategy in achieving goals is to set small, short-term goals that are attainable within a specific time frame. Father Daniel Mary’s strategy seems to be to make as much money as possible until they reach their goal. Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy is to target the part of the U. S. Catholic population who drinks coffee and wishes to support the monastery’s mission. Consumers can only buy this coffee through its website. On the Mystic Monk website one may find the statement that Catholics should â€Å"use their Catholic coffee dollar for Christ and his Catholic church† ( ). This statement is a good strategy for their target market because Catholics will want to help other Catholics. Another strategy Mystic Monk has is having different products on the website. There are dark, medium, and lights roasts caffeinated and decaffeinated and in different flavors. Some of the popular flavors are Mystical Chants of Carmel, Cowboy Blend, Royal Rum Pecan, and Mystic Monk Blend. The website also features T-shirts, gift cards, CDs featuring the monastery’s Gregorian chants, and coffee mugs. Also, as an incentive to bring in more frequent customers, they are given the opportunity to join a â€Å"coffee club†, which offers monthly delivery of one to six bags of preselected coffee, as well as, free shipping for purchases of three or more bags ( ). The competitive advantage Mystic Monk’s strategy producing is that people are more likely to purchase something where the profit goes to benefit a charity or project, especially if the customer is of the Catholic denomination. Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy is in the process of being a money-maker, I believe. As of just recently, the monks have expanded Mystic Monk’s business model to include wholesale sales to churches and local coffee shops. I think that expansion is the beginning of the process of being a money-maker. Marketing and advertising is a big missing part to how successful Mystic Monk Coffee can be. Instead of focusing on just the Catholics in the U. S. , Mystic Monk needs to reach out to other Catholicism dominated countries like Italy. Another business strategy the monks might consider is to accumulate investors, who will contribute to purchasing the ranch property. From what I have read, the strategy they are following now is not a winning strategy, but is on its way to becoming one. For this to become a winning strategy Father Daniel Mary needs to start setting short-term goals, for example, getting enough money to purchase a larger roaster or setting a monthly goal. He also needs to advertise to other Catholic dominated countries, where Mystic Monk could get the support from other monks and Catholic churches. At the end of the case I read that Father Daniel Mary realized his vision of purchasing the ranch property would require a lot of planning and execution. I also read that he will develop an execution plan that will enable Mystic Monk Coffee to â€Å"minimize the effect of its cloistered monastic constraints, maximize the potential of monastic opportunities, and realize his vision of buying the Irma Lake Ranch† ( ). The recommendations I would make to Father Daniel Mary would be set short-term and long-term goals, expand advertisements to other countries, and reach out to investors. I believe these changes will definitely help in Mystic Monk’s long-term direction. Another suggestion would be for Father Daniel Mary to evaluate and update Mystic Monk’s direction, objectives, strategy, and the execution of the strategy each year. Markets change all the time, therefore keeping up with what’s changing will only help reach the long-term goal.

Marine Resources

Madalena Barbosa Marine Resources – April, 2012 Index Common Property Fishery of N identical fishing vessels model: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. a) Biological Stock Equilibrium without Harvest †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. b) Maximum Sustainable Yield †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. c) Open Access Equilibrium †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 1. ) Optimal Economic Equilib rium †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 1. e) Comparison between Maximum Sustainable Equilibrium and both Open Access Equilibrium and Optimal Economic Equilibrium †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 1. f) Assuming a schooling fishery †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 2. Different possible policies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 2. ) Total Allowable Catches †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 2. b) Effort and harvest taxes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 2. c) Individual Transferable Quotas – ITQ’s †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 3. Recommendation statement for the policy decision ITQ’s †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Figure 1Growth and Harvest as function of stock size †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Figure 2Sustainable revenue, total costs and net benefit of fishing effort. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Figure 3 Growth and Harvest as function of stock size for an Open Access equilibrium and a set TAC †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Figure 4 Sustainable revenue, total costs and Total revenue and total costs for the TAC level of fishing effort. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Figure 5 Use of corrective taxes on effort can equate social and private costs †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Figure 6 Use of corrective taxes on harvest that can equate social and private revenues. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 1 Common Property Fishery of N identical fishing vessels model: Biological growth function for the resource stock: ? = 1? ? = ? ? Graham-Schaefer production function (linear case of the Coob-Douglas production function): Profit function: Condition: Where, 0? = ? ? ? S(t): stock (biomass) of economically valuable fish at time t.E(t): Effort is an index measure of the quantity of inputs applied to the task of fishing at time t. Intrinsic growth rate of the resources stock: r = 0,8/Ye ar Natural carrying Capacity (maximum value for S): k=50. 000 tons Catchability coefficient: q = 0,0002/hour fishing Price per unit of output: p = 200â‚ ¬/ton Cost per unit of effort: c=400â‚ ¬/ hour fishing Maximum Effort per vessel: = 100 hours fishing 1. a) Biological Stock Equilibrium without Harvest In this situation the growth in the stocks doesn’t exist so that: ? =0 = = 50. 000 1. b) Maximum Sustainable YieldIn order to calculate the values that maximize sustainable harvest for this fishery, we need to compute the harvesting function that depends on effort (Shaefer Yield Effort Curve); and after that, to maximize harvesting for effort so that we are able to compute the different sustainable values. Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 2 First we substitute the Graham-Shaefer production function into the biological growth function of the stock and obtained, = 1? ? In a steady-state equilibrium = = are equally counterbalanced by the removals from the s tock through harvesting). Also and .The solution of the previous function for the steady-state level of S is: 1? = ? 1? = ? = 0, so that = (the additions to the resource stock 1? = = ? ? 1? = ? Substitute the former function in Graham-Schaefer production function to find Shaefer Yield Effort Curve: ? = = = ? 1? ? ? ? Schaefer Yield Effort Curve: This equation is quadratic in E so for high levels of effort the yield is zero. So, if the effort level is higher than the critical level, > towards extinction. ? , the yield is zero and the population will be driven Maximize Shaefer Yield Effort Curve to find the highest value of Effort that can be sustainable, 2 =0? 2 =0? = ? = = 2 ? ? = 2 Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 3 To find the Maximum Sustainable Harvest level substitute Emsy in the Shaefer Yield Effort Curve, ? = ? ? 4 ? ?= 2 ? 2 ? ?= ?= 2 2 ? 4 ? ? ?= 2 ? = 4 ? To find the stock that maximizes sustainable harvest of this fishery substitute Emsy and Hmsy in Gr aham-Shaefer production function and solve it for S, = ? 4 = 2 ? 4 Note that the resource stocks at MSY is on-half of the natural carrying capacity. The solution for the maximum sustainable yield is given by the following values of Effort, harvest and stock: = 2 ? = 0,8 ? 50. 000 ? 4 50. 000 = ? 2 0,8 ? 0,0002 = . 0 2 = ? = = = 2 4 ? ? = = = . . Now that we have calculated the level of effort corresponding to the maximum sustainable yield, EMSY, we can estimate the necessary equilibrium fleet, as it is the one that with the maximum effort per vessel, EMAX, equals the EMSY. = 2. 000 ? 100 ? ? = ? The equilibrium fleet under sustainable harvesting is composed of 20 identical fishing vessels. ? = = Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 4 1. c) Open Access Equilibrium To characterize the Open-Access Equilibrium we take two main assumptions: 1. The steady-state equilibrium for the biological growth function is true and 2.It is also true the steady-state equilibrium condition f or all sustainable rents. = =0 ? =0 With these two equations we have the property right condition of open-access and the social welfare optimum. That is, the comparative statics to compare the optimal open-access levels of effort, resource stock, yield, and rents with the social optimum levels of effort, resource stock, yield, and rents. Rearranging we obtain the open-access equilibrium level for the resource stock, ? = = ? ? From the steady-state equilibrium condition we can find the level of effort in an Open Access equilibrium, = ? 1? = = = ? =Rearranging for E: Substituting S for SOA: = 1? 1? ? ? ? Substituting EOA in Graham-Schaefer production function we get the harvest in an Open Access equilibrium, = ? = ? = ? ? 1? ? Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 5 The profits per vessel on an Open Access equilibrium are as we already stated before equal to zero, = = ? = 200 ? 6. 400 ? 400 ? 3. 200 ? Profit will be zero for each individual firm and, consequently, for all the firms competing in this market; which makes sense once we are in the situation where companies can freely enter or exiting the market (similar to perfect competition).The solution for the Open-Access equilibrium is given by the following values of Effort, harvest and stock: = = ? = ? = ? . = 1? 1? ? ? = = , , ? , ? , ? , 1? 1? ? , ? , ? . ? ?. . = . = . 1. d) Optimal Economic Equilibrium The static, steady-state optimal economic level of effort, for the individual, that also maximizes the social welfare for society is found by computing the equation for sustainable rents and maximizing it for the Effort: = =0? = = ? ?2 ? ? =0? ? Maximizing, 2 ? ? =To solve for the static steady-state optimal economic level of the resource stock, SEFF, substitute EEFF into the equation for the resource stock with the Schaefer Yield Effort Curve, = 1? ? = 1? 2 = + 1? ? = 1 1? + 2 2 ? Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 6 The Optimal Economic Equilibrium’s for Harvesting can be found using the Graham-Schaefer production function by substituting EEff and SEFF found before, = ? 2 ? = 1? ? ? ? 2 + 2 ? = ? + The solution for the Open-Access equilibrium is given by the following values of Effort, harvest and stock: = 1? ? ? = ? , = + = ? ? = ? , . + 1? ? ? , ? , ? . = = . = . . Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 7 1. e)Comparison between Maximum Sustainable Equilibrium and both Open Access Equilibrium and Optimal Economic Equilibrium In this question we are asked to compare the maximum social sustainable solutions with both solutions of the Open Access and the Optimal Economic Equilibrium, respectively. The results acquired during the former exercises are summarized in figure 1 and figure 2: 14. 000 q. E(MSY). S 12. 000 q. E(OA). S H(MSY) 10. 000 Growth in Fish Stock (tons) . E(Eff). S H(Eff) 8. 000 H(OA) 6. 000 4. 000 2. 000 S(OA) 0 0 5. 000 10. 000 15. 000 20. 000 25. 000 30. 000 Fish Stock (tons) 35. 000 40. 000 45. 000 50. 000 S(MSY) S(Eff) G (S) q. E(OA). S Figure 1Growth and Harvest as function of stock size 2. 500. 000 E(Eff) E(MSY) E(OA) Total Revenue, Total Cost and Profit (â‚ ¬/hour fishing) 2. 000. 000 1. 500. 000 1. 000. 000 500. 000 0 0 500 1. 000 1. 500 2. 000 Effort (hour fishing) TR TC NB TC (Eff) 2. 500 3. 000 3. 500 4. 000 Figure 2Sustainable revenue, total costs and net benefit of fishing effort.From the previous figures we can easily see that, < < The MSY policy target is the best in a social point of view. It has the highest harvest maximum for a balanced level of stock with a medium level of effort. But in an economical point of view this equilibrium doesn’t bring the best results since its rent level is lower than for the optimal economic equilibrium. The efficient solution is the one that requires less effort to capture an intermediate level of fish, keeping the highest possible level of stock.This is why, economically, efficiency is the best solution, because it will allow future gene rations to capture similar quantities once preservation of stock is taken into account and additionally getting the higher rent. Furthermore and comparing with open access and sustainable yield, this solution requires less effort which is positive for the companies involved. In the situation of open access, as there is free access to the market, competition will lead to low individual harvesting levels and significantly high levels of effort and, at the same time, the level of stocks will be the lowest. < < < < ; 1. f) Assuming a schooling fishery Given that we are now in the situation of a schooling fishery, where the group of fishes is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, and we have the following access given its profit condition ( = ? ? = 200. = = conditions: ? = and 0 ? ? , we are able to compute the outcome for open ), where we already know that ? ? = ? ? = 0.It is again important to note that i) In this case, as ? =2 ? = 200 ? 2 ? 400 = 0 betwe en exploiting or not the stock available. = 0 under all values of effort, we have a situation of indifference Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 ii) Here, as abandon this market and no effort will be given ( = 0). The stock will not be exploited at all and initial stock will remain equal to final stock. iii) ? =3 ? = 200 ? 3 ? 400 = 200 ? =1 ? = 200 ? 1 ? 400 = ? 200 < 0, firms will not have any interest in fishing so they will simply Under this situation, as market, so they will apply all the effort available in order to maximize their own profits. As a result, stocks will be exploited until the end. > 0, companies have interest in competing in this Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 10 2. Different possible policiesThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) distinguishes two types of fisheries management: Incentive Blocking and Incentive Management. Regarding Incentive Blocking we can have management instruments that encoura ge effort and and harvest reductions by blocking them. For example, Total Allowable Catches (TACs), gear restrictions, like engine power limitations, limit fishing seasons, limit entry with buy-back schemes (licenses) or just increase the real cost of harvest through regulations. Incentive Adjusting pursuits to adjust the fisher incentives to make them compatible with society’s goals.In this case we are talking about taxes on effort or harvest and quotas. We will present you with some examples regarding these types of management. 2. a) Total Allowable Catches A Total Allowable Catch is a catch limit set for a particular fishery, generally for a year or a fishing season. In a derby fishery, the governments set a limit on the total allowable catch (TAC) for the year and the fishery is open on a specific date. As soon as TAC is reached, the fishery is closed for the year. The TAC is set below the overfishing level to assure that it is restrictive. Its goal is to allow the natura l resource to recover the stock levels.In this case the TAC was set below de level of harvesting for the Open-Access equilibrium at the value of 3500 tons (figure 3). 12. 000 10. 000 Growth in Fish Stock (tons) 8. 000 6. 000 4. 000 2. 000 0 0 5. 000 10. 000 15. 000 20. 000 25. 000 Fish Stock (tons) G(S) TAC q. E(TAC). S q. E(OA). S H(OA) 30. 000 35. 000 40. 000 45. 000 50. 000 Figure 3 Growth and Harvest as function of stock size for an Open Access equilibrium and a set TAC The TAC policy level of effort is significantly lower than the open access level. The TAC level equals Shaefer effort Yield curve in equilibrium, Solving for E: 3500 = 0,0002 ? 0. 000 ? = = ? , = ? ? ? ? , , ? ? ? . So this measure would allow the stock to recover for a level of, = , = 3500 ? 0,0002 ? 387,55 In a conservation point of view this is an effective measure, but in an economical point of view it has its issues. The tendency for fishing enterprises is to move towards an over-investment in equipment and labor in order to increase their share of the common TAC. It causes a major disruption in the seasonal pattern of a fishery as fishermen rush to obtain their share of the quota. Often vessels increase in size and add engine power both to operate with greater fishing power.In a consequence, economic conditions in the derby fishery are best at the start of a season when the fish stocks are most abundant, and steadily deteriorate as harvesting depletes the available stocks. These conditions induce a race for fish, which, in turn, results in overcapitalization (Figure 4). 2. 100. 000 Total Revenue, Total Cost and TAC level (â‚ ¬/hour fishing) 1. 600. 000 1. 100. 000 600. 000 100. 000 0 500 1. 000 1. 500 2. 000 2. 500 3. 000 3. 500 4. 000 -400. 000 TR Effort (hour fishing) TC p*TAC TC' E(OA) Figure 4 Sustainable revenue, total costs and Total revenue and total costs for the TAC level of fishing effort.Assuming that calculate the costs of overcapitalization, c’, and understand t his behavior: = ? ? = ? = 0 and that the stock levels will vary with the imposition of the TAC we can ?= ? = = , ? = , = From the function above we can understand the volatility of this policy. With the increase in the levels of stock the price will be higher and the fishermen have the incentive to invest in fleet capital that from society’s point of view is redundant. Also, the excess fleet makes the monitoring of harvesting very difficult and the TAC limit is exceeded. 2. b) Effort and harvest taxesFish is economically overexploited under open-access regime. The market price is high enough and the harvest cost low enough to make it a commercial resource. Corrective taxes can in theory bring marginal private costs into alignment with marginal social costs. Using taxes the managers reduce the fishermen revenues or raise the real cost of fishing. The idea is to find the tax rate, on either effort or harvest, that adjusts effort to the maximum economic yield level, EEff, that s hould be as said before the level at which the sustainable rent is maximum. With an effort tax the total cost per unit of effort is, = +Where tE is the tax per unit effort (ex. : $ per trawl hour or trawl year) and TC’ is the total costs with taxes. The effect of the effort tax is to increase total costs to such a level that the TC’ curve intersects the total revenue curve for the EEff, as you can see in figure 5. The tax on the effort was found as followed, = + ? ? tE = 800 â‚ ¬/hour fishing ? 200 ? 9. 600 = 400 + ? 1. 600 ? Note that for any value of effort the total costs with taxes is greater that the total costs. The effect of an effort tax increases the slope of the total cost curve for the industry.This implies that the total revenue, TR(E), is shared between the government, as the tax collector, and the Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2 13 fishing industry. The former receives the resource rent, ? Eff, and the fishers end up with the differenc e between the total revenue and the resource rent that is just enough to cover the costs of the fishers. 2. 500. 000 E(Eff) E(MSY) E(OA) Total Revenue and Total Cost (â‚ ¬/hour fishing) 2. 000. 000 1. 500. 000 ? (Eff) 1. 000. 000 500. 000 0 0 500 1. 000 1. 500 2. 000 Effort (hour fishing) TR TC TC' 2. 500 3. 000 3. 500 4. 000Figure 5 Use of corrective taxes on effort can equate social and private costs In the case of a harvest tax, the sustainable revenue of the fishery curve is affected, as you can see in figure 6. The harvest tax would be applied to the price as it is demonstrated next, ? = ? = ? tH = 133,33 â‚ ¬/hour fishing 200 + ? 9600 = 400 ? 1. 600 ? So in this case, the net price of the fish received by the fishers is also only just enough to support the costs. 2. 500. 000 E(Eff) E(MSY) E(OA) Total Revenue, Total Cost and Rent (â‚ ¬/hour fishing) 2. 000. 000 1. 500. 000 ? (Eff) 1. 000. 000 500. 000 0 0 500 1. 000 1. 00 2. 000 Effort (hour fishing) TR TC TR' 2. 500 3 . 000 3. 500 4. 000 Figure 6 Use of corrective taxes on harvest that can equate social and private revenues. The resource rent equals the total tax revenue in both cases, = = ? ? = 133,33 ? 9. 600 = 1. 280. 000â‚ ¬ = 800 ? 1. 600 = 1. 280. 000â‚ ¬ ? ? ? ? Thus, a tax on harvest contributes to decreasing the total revenue of the industry whereas a tax on effort contributes to increasing the industry costs. This would be a very interesting measure if the resource rent would be re-distributed, for example, to the fishing community avoiding any efficiency loss.But it is very hard to get to an agreement regarding this subject so the losses are real and the measure is not efficient in an economic perspective. Also, in a social point of view this measure is very demanding since it lowers the private revenues of the fishers, a theoretical and overall poor social group. 2. c) Individual Transferable Quotas – ITQ’s The ITQ’s are an improved version of the TACâ€℠¢s policy. It allocates a specific quota to each individual (ex. : a vessel, a corporation, etc. ) consistent with property rights theory. With this kind of policy fishermen don’t need to race against each other.We will proceed with short run rights, where fishermen own a share of harvest. The quota is computed from the previous established level for TAC and the fleet capacity, in this case we are going to use the value for the necessary equilibrium fleet previously calculated, ? = 3. 500? 20 = So, each of the 20 identical fishing vessels are allowed to harvest 176 tons per fishing season. To ensure that the expected results are lasting, the quotas should be transferable. There has to be a quota market to ensure that at any time the most cost-effective fisher does the fishing. If = 0, ? As St varies l will be adjusted and the quota market prices established. In a successful Optimal Economic managed fishery, resource rent per unit of effort would be: = ? 1. 280. 000 = 800â‚ ¬ 1.600 And the resource rent per unit of harvest would be: = ? ? These two prices indicate the equilibrium prices of effort and harvest quotas. The quotas market correct incentives for each boat to maximize its rent and to harvest with minimum costs, removing the incentives to over capitalization. So, in a conservation point of view and in economic terms ITQ’s are the best policy measure. . 280. 000 = 133,3â‚ ¬ 9. 600 ? 3. Recommendation statement for the policy decision ITQ’s ITQ’s are the best option as they are efficient both in a conservation point of view as in economic terms. Also, it’s the only measure that aligns the interests of the fishermen, the biologists and the governments. ITQ’s has several advantages like being efficient, as said before, it improves safety, as fishermen don’t need to rush to sea under bad weather conditions, improves the quality for consumer by spreading the fishing season and it incentives for mutual en forcement control.But all of its potential can be wasted if a good monitoring system is not assured. Comparing to a blocking measure, like TAC, its property rights condition correct what it was flawed with the previous policy. Now the fishermen have exclusive rights to a fishery resource, not having to expend effort until profits are zero and, consequently dissipating all the potential rents that the fishery resource could have generated. Marine Resource Management – Assignment 2

How to Calculate Standard Deviation

How to Calculate Standard Deviation Standard deviation (usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter ÏÆ') is the average or means of all the averages for multiple sets of data. Standard deviation is an important calculation for math and sciences, particularly for lab reports. Scientists and statisticians use standard deviation to determine how closely sets of data are to the mean of all the sets. Fortunately, its an easy calculation to perform. Many calculators have a standard deviation function, however, you can perform the calculation by hand and should understand how to do it. Different Ways to Calculate Standard Deviation There are two main ways to calculate standard deviation: population standard deviation and sample standard deviation. If you collect data from all members of a population or set, you apply the population standard deviation. If you take data that represents a sample of a larger population, you apply the sample standard deviation formula. The equations/calculations are nearly the same with two exceptions: for the population standard deviation, the variance is divided by the number of data points (N), while for the sample ​standard deviation, its divided by the number of data points minus one (N-1, degrees of freedom). Which Equation Do I Use? In general, if youre analyzing data that represents a larger set, choose the sample standard deviation. If you gather data from every member of a set, choose the population standard deviation. Here are some examples: Population Standard Deviation- Analyzing test scores of a class.Population Standard Deviation- Analyzing the age of respondents on a national census.Sample Standard Deviation- Analyzing the effect of caffeine on reaction time on people ages 18 to 25.Sample Standard Deviation- Analyzing the amount of copper in the public water supply. Calculate the Sample Standard Deviation Here are step-by-step instructions for calculating standard deviation by hand: Calculate the mean or average of each data set. To do this, add up all the numbers in a data set and divide by the total number of pieces of data. For example, if you have four numbers in a data set, divide the sum by four. This is the mean of the data set.Subtract the deviance of each piece of data by subtracting the mean from each number. Note that the variance for each piece of data may be a positive or negative number.Square each of the deviations.Add up all of the squared deviations.Divide this number by one less than the number of items in the data set. For example, if you had four numbers, divide by three.Calculate the square root of the resulting value. This is the sample standard deviation. See a worked example of how to calculate sample variance and sample standard deviation. Calculate the Population Standard Deviation Calculate the mean or average of each data set. Add up all the numbers in a data set and divide by the total number of pieces of data. For example, if you have four numbers in a data set, divide the sum by four. This is the mean of the data set.Subtract the deviance of each piece of data by subtracting the mean from each number. Note that the variance for each piece of data may be a positive or negative number.Square each of the deviations.Add up all of the squared deviations.Divide this value by the number of items in the data set. For example, if you had four numbers, divide by four.Calculate the square root of the resulting value. This is the population standard deviation. See an example worked problem for variance and population standard deviation.

French Texting - Les Textos Francais

French Texting - Les Textos Francais Learning French is one thing, but French on the internet - in chatrooms,  forums, text messaging (SMS), and email can seem like a completely different language. Fortunately, help is at hand. Here are some common French abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols to help you communicate via text, followed by some helpful tips and pointers. French Meaning English 12C4 un de ces quatre one of these days 2 ri 1 de rien youre welcome 6n Cin Movie theater A+@+ plus L8R, laterCUL8R, see you later A12C4 un de ces quatre See you one of these days a2m1@2m1 demain CU2moro, see you tomorrow ALP la prochaine TTFN, ta ta for now AMHA mon humble avis IMHO, in my humble opinion APAPLS plus TTFN, ta ta for now ASV ge, Sexe, Ville ASL, age, sex, location a tt tout lheure see you soon auj Aujourdhui Today b1sur Bien sr Of course BAL Bote aux lettres Mailbox BCP Beaucoup A lot bi1to Bientt RSN, real soon biz bisous kisses bjr Bonjour Hello bsr Bonsoir Good evening C Cest It is C1Blag Cest une blague Its a joke, Just kidding CAD Cestdire That is, i.e., cb1 Cest bien Thats good C cho Cest chaud Its hot C Cest It is Ch ChezJe sais At the home ofI know ChuChuiChuis Je suis I am C mal1 Cest malin Thats clever, sneaky C pa 5pa Cest pas sympa Thats not nice CPG Cest pas grave INBD, its no big deal Ct CtaitCest tout It wasThats all D100 Descends Get down dacdak Daccord OK DSL Dsol IMS, Im sorry DQP Ds que possible ASAP, as soon as possible EDR croul de rire LOL, laughing out loud ENTKEntouK En tout cas IAC, in any case FAI Fournisseur daccs internet ISP, internet service provider FDS Fin de semaine WE, Wknd, weekend G Jai I have G1id2kdo Jai une ide de cadeau I have a great idea GHT Jai achet I bought GHT2V1 Jai achet du vin I bought some wine G la N Jai la haine H8, hate GspR b1 Jespre bien I hope so Gt Jtais I was J Jai I have Je c Je sais I know Je le saV Je le savais I knew it Jenmar Jen ai marre Im sick of it Je tM Je taime ILUVU, I love you Je vJv Je vais Im going JMS Jamais NVR JSG Je suis gnial Im (doing) great JTM Je taime I love you K7 cassette cassette tape KDO Cadeau Gift KanKand Quand When Ke Que that, what K Quest What is Kel Quel, Quelle Which Kelle Quelle That she Keske Quest-ce que What kestufouKsk tfu Quest-ce que tu fous ? What the hell are you doing? Ki Qui Who Kil Quil That he Koi Quoi What Koi29 Quoi de neuf ? Whats new? Lckc Elle sest casse She left Ls tomB Laisse tomber Forget it Lut Salut Hi M Merci Thanks MDR Mort de rire ROFL mr6 Merci Thx, thanks MSG Message Msg, message now maintenant ATM, at the moment NSP Ne sais pas Dunno o Au In the, at the Ok1 Aucun None, not one OQP Occup Busy Ou Ouais Yeah p2k Pas de quoi URW, youre welcome parske Parce que COZ, because p-pitit Peut-tre Maybe PK Parce que Because Pkoi Pourquoi Y, why PoP Pas Not PTDR Pt de rire ROFLMAO, rolling on the floor laughing q-c qqueske Quest-ce que What QDN Quoi de neuf ? Whats new? qq Quelques Some qqn Quelquun Someone raf Rien faire Nothing to do ras Rien signaler Nothing to report rdv Rendez-vous Date, appointment RE (Je suis de) retour, Rebonjour Im back, Hi again ri1 Rien 0, nothing savapa a va pas ? Is something wrong? SLT Salut Hi SNIF Jai de la peine Im sad ss (je) suis I am STP/SVP Sil te/vous plat PLS, please T Tes You are tabitou Thabites o ? Where do you live? tata KS Tas ta casse ? You have your car? tds tout de suite right away ti2 Tes hideux Youre hideous. tjs Toujours Always tkc Tes cass Youre tired. TLM Tout le monde Everyone T nrv ? Tes nerv ? Are you irritated? TOK Tes OK ? RUOK? Are you OK? TOQP Tes occup ? RUBZ? Are you busy? tps temps time, weather Tttt Ttaistout You wereall, every V1 Viens Come vazi Vas-y Go VrMan Vraiment Really X crois, croit believe XLnt Excellent XLNT, excellent y aya Il y a There is, there are French Texting Rules The basic rule of texting is to express yourself with the fewest number of characters possible. This is done in three ways: Using abbreviations, like  TLM  for  Tout Le MondeUsing letters that are pronounced like the desired sounds, like  OQP  for  occupà ©Ã‚  (O - CCU - PÉ)Dropping silent letters, especially at the end of a word, like  parl  for  parle Patterns 1 replaces UN, EN, or IN2 replaces DEC replaces CEST, SEST, SAIS, etc.É replaces AI, AIS, and other spellings of similar soundsK can replace QU (e.g., koi) or CA (kdo)O replaces AU, EAU, AUX, etc.T replaces TES and other spellings of the same sound Tip If all else fails, try reading the symbol out loud.

Working with Children who have been Abused Essay

Working with Children who have been Abused - Essay Example One of the major areas of focus for the researchers has been the issue of child abuse in relation to policies and procedures and the result of many of the studies has been to emphasise the inadequacies of the present system in dealing with the issue. Therefore, one finds that researchers such as Mendes (2001) and Wise (2003) discuss the inadequacies of the system while such important writers as Lonne and Thomson (2005) offer their ideas on how to improve Queensland's child protection situation. As the 'Guidelines for Mandated Notifiers' by Child-Safe Environments, Reporting Child Abuse & Neglect suggests, there are, in general, four ways of child abuse. Physical abuse, a dominant form, is commonly characterised by physical injury resulting from practices such as hitting, punching or kicking, shaking, and alcohol or other drug administration etc. Another visible form of child abuse is sexual abuse which occurs when someone in a position of power to the child uses her/his power to invo lve the child in sexual activity and it includes sexual suggestion, exhibitionism, mutual masturbation, oral sex, showing pornographic material, using children in the production of pornographic material, penile or other penetration of the genital or anal region, and child prostitution. Emotional abuse tends to be a chronic behavioural pattern directed at a child whereby a child's self esteem and social competence are undermined or eroded over time and this includes devaluing, ignoring, rejecting, corrupting, isolating etc. Finally, neglect is characterised by the failure to provide for the child's basic needs and this includes inadequate supervision of young children for long periods of time, failure to provide adequate nutrition, clothing or personal hygiene, etc. (Guidelines for Mandated Notifiers). 'Guidelines for Mandated Notifiers' is a material available for helping a social worker in the mandated notifiers and in this paper an evaluation of the material on its adequacy of guidance, its research base etc is carried out. While evaluating whether the document offers adequate guidance for mandated notifiers, it also recommends for the improvement of the resource. Child abuse notifiers many often fall short of their aims and objectives and profound researches have focused on whether preventive family support should be encouraged rather than child protection. The result of these studies suggest that in many cases child abuse are not substantiated and a serious reason pointed out for the poor results of child abuse notifiers is the mandatory reporting regulations. And this has resulted in the remark that the time and energy could and should have been devoted to helping families instead of investigating the false claims regarding child abuse. Wise (2003) is of the opinion that the families with general needs do not expect child protection and investigation but instead they need support and it is significant that prevention can be better than cure. All these remarks can be understood in the background of inadequacy of the guidance, research bases etc. Research evidences prove the need for better guidelines and support to the social workers in thei r activities for the cause of children and society. It can be comprehended that the context of social work has undergone rapid changes and the social workers

Example and illustration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Example and illustration - Essay Example â€Å"Korean families will always leave their shoes off inside the home. Slippers are often given in exchange for your shoes at the door. This is even true in the case of more traditional workplaces. So, be sure you are wearing clean socks when you go for a visit† (Facts about Korea) Koreans give more respect to their home and workplace compared to other cultures. Another peculiar aspect of Korean social life is the respect derived by the elders. Korean culture is strongly associated with Confucianism and as per Confucianist traditions; elders must be given proper respect by the younger ones. Seniority is determined by age, position in the family, job position, being a teacher, etc. Elders can speak anything to the young people whereas the young people always keep respect while talking to the elder people. It is a common thing in Korea that, when two strangers meet together they will ask the age of the other in order to take precautions in their communication. While drinking or smoking the younger one often try to do it in the company of others of lesser age. Even the direct eye contacts will be avoided by while communicating with elders by the younger ones. Direct eye contacts consider as the symbol of authority and the younger people never look into the eyes of the elder ones in order to mark their respect. Moreover the younger ones always accept complements, gifts or anything from elder ones with both hands (Korean Customs – Respect) The third speciality in Korean culture is the way in which the Koreans start their talk. As per the western culture, people often ask â€Å"How are you?† when they start their conversation with another one. In Korea, the conversation starts with an enquiry about whether the other person who was in touch has taken food or not. In some other cases, the conversation may start from an enquiry like â€Å"where are you going?† Koreans are very much keen in providing food to the others. To conclude, Koreans exhibit